The demolition of alleged unauthorized properties in the “Muslim-dominated” quarters of Jahangirpuri (New Delhi), Khargone (Madhya Pradesh), and Lucknow (Uttar Pradesh) by government authorities underlines the nature of administrative discourse toward Muslim identity and space in contemporary India. While Muslim space has always been a contested category in the realm of official administrative discourse, this new bulldozer politics is a relatively new phenomenon.

In 2018, Congress leader Sonia Gandhi addressed a media conclave and outlined the reasons behind the party’s drubbing in the 2014 elections.

While framing the Constitution of India, 29 members of the Constituent Assembly participated in the debate over two days to articulate the provisions relating to the rights of religious and linguistic minorities, a part of the Fundamental Rights in the Constitution of India. Under Article 29, the rights are available to “conserve” distinct language, script, or culture.

Indian secularism has been loftily conceived as sarva dharma samabhava (or equal respect for all religions), which places it somewhat at variance with its Western counterpart. Its key principle has been adumbrated by Dr.